Tuesday, March 27, 2012

George Dewey

Congratulations to M, winner of this last weekend's Person-of-Mystery Contest!  George Dewey was correctly identified as the man in the image.

Dewey during the Spanish-American War

Dewey is an interesting figure.  His big claim to fame was that he was the commander of the American naval force that smashed the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War.

A younger George Dewey

Today his name is not much recognized by the public and if you read a typical history book it would appear as though his victory was a foregone conclusion, but at the time of the conflict, it was far from certain that the Americans would be victorious against the Spanish.  Dewey's squadron arrived in Hong Kong en route to the Philippines at the wrong time of year, it was monsoon season and he could not keep his ships at sea for a long campaign.  Furthermore, when he docked his seven white ships for the purpose of painting them gray for battle, bubonic plague was ravaging the city.  The British believed the Spanish Navy, estimated at perhaps forty warships, would crush the Americans.  Just before the Americans left, the British Officers held a party for the Americans, and one English officer remarked to another, "A fine set of fellows, but unhappy we shall never see them again."  Three American newspaper reporters traveling with the fleet mailed farewell letters home before departing.

Battle of Manila Bay

When the Americans, arrived they did not find the Spanish Navy at Subic Bay and concluded they must be at Manila which they knew must be fortified with mines and protected by shore batteries.  Surprisingly, the Spanish had not prepared well, the entrance had not been mined and shore batteries were woefully inaccurate.  The Spanish for their part were well aware of the inferiority of their ships and guns and had spent little time preparing their men to meet a better trained adversary.  When they arrived, the Americans steamed right past Corregidor and into the bay itself.  Not only that, but the Spanish had anchored their ships off the fortified point of Cavite, in shallow water, reasoning that more of their sailors could swim ashore after the battle.  From his perch on his flagship, the USS Olympia, Dewey gave the command to his subordinate, "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley."

George Dewey (second from right) during the Battle of Manila Bay

The Americans destroyed or captured every Spanish vessel in one day without so much as losing a single man during the fight.  When news of the battle reached the States, Dewey became a national hero and merchants quickly placed his image on all manner of merchandise, towns erected statues, newborn children were named Dewey or George, and Congress quickly promoted him from Commodore to Rear Admiral and he hadn't even returned home yet.









The nation was disappointed to learn that Dewey's ship would take the long route back to America, sailing west and eventually reaching New York, but New York was going to be prepared.  They quickly went to work producing an ornate plaster triumphal arch at 5th Avenue and Broadway for the Admiral to journey through while parading through New York City and plans were made make a permanent marble version.

Dewey Arch in New York City

Dewey was feted everywhere he went with parades, gifts, and honors.  


He was presented a ceremonial sword by President McKinley, gifted a mansion in Washington DC courtesy of the American people, and them promoted to an altogether new rank, Admiral of the Navy (equivalent to a six-star general).

President McKinley honoring Dewey in Washington

Just as his rise to fame had been meteoric, so was his fall from public grace.  Everything was going smashingly until the elderly widower, Admiral Dewey, decided to take a new bride.  Dewey's first wife, Susie Goodwin Dewey, had died after giving birth to a son in 1872.  After returning to the States, he met and married the widow Mildred McLean Hazen, who was the daughter of the owner of the Washington Post.

Mildred McLean Hazen Dewey

The new Mrs. Dewey was openly ambitious for her husband and encouraged him towards seeking the White House.  The public however was rather less impressed with the Admiral's choice of a wife.  For starters, she was a Roman Catholic and a largely Protestant American public was wary of papal influence in government.  Then as a gesture of affection, Dewey transferred the title for the home he had been gifted into his wife's name.  Whispers of her undue influence became more common and the couple transferred the title into his son's name.


However much damage his new wife had done to his reputation, Dewey himself sunk his own presidential aspirations with his own words.  When questioned by reporters as to a potential run, he replied, "If the American people want me for this high office, I shall be be only too willing to serve them."  Then he continued, "Since studying this subject, I am convinced that the office of the president is not such a very difficult one to fill."  He explained that being president was pretty much just following the orders that Congress gives and then carrying them out.  The public was less impressed.  On another occasion, he gave an quick aside to a reporter that, "Our next war will be with Germany."  He would turn out to be correct, but no one knew it at the time.  And finally when asked about his prior political leanings, he let it be known that he had never voted in a presidential election – even once!  It soon became apparent that the public liked the image of Dewey more than the actual man and Dewey ended the whole matter a short time later by endorsing McKinley for reelection.


Needless to say, the marble version of the Dewey Arch was never built, the plaster version weathered, crumbled and then was removed.  Perhaps some may not be aware, but Dewey's flagship, the USS Olympia still exists, the oldest steel warship in the world is now a museum ship moored in Philadelphia.  See it soon, critical repairs are urgently needed and there's been talk of scrapping it for lack of funds.


24 comments:

Norman Owen said...

Eugene Ware
- on hearing of Admiral Dewey's victory at Manila Bay

O Dewey was the morning
Upon the first of May;
And Dewey was the Admiral
Down in Manila Bay;
And Dewey were the Regent's eyes,
"Them orbs" of Royal Blue;
And Dewey we feel discouraged?
I Dew not think we Dew!

Selections from Ironquill
(Topeka: Crane & Co. 1899)

Norman Owen said...

Dewey was, of course, a hero in the American-ruled Philippines, which lasted until just after WWII. The main waterfront road was called Dewey Boulevard, until shortly after independence the Filipinos renamed it Roxas Boulevard, after one of their presidents. (Those of us who on May 1, 1973 - the 75th anniversary of the battle - thought for a moment of repainting the signs to read "Dewey Boulevard" quickly thought again.)

But reading the reports of the first Philippine Commission, on which Dewey served, makes clear what your article already indicates: he was neither particularly bright nor particularly hard-working. He was in the right place at the right time, briefly.

Judi said...

Oh, the history I never knew. Thanks, Nate.

Nate Maas said...

Norman, thanks for that personal anecdote - discretion is the better part of valor. Dewey certainly reminds me of that old maxim, "Better to remain silent and thought a fool that open your mouth and remove all doubt."

al_luz812 said...

nate, am a history major graduate. we've debated and dissected the events that happened before and after the end of spanish and the start of american colonization of the philippines and me my class agreed that the event that involved admiral dewey deservedly be called the "Mock Battle of Manila Bay".
knowing that their wooden galleons were no match to the steel battleships of the americans and to avoid casualties, which will surely be mostly on their part, the spanish , instead of direcly surrendering , negotiated for the 'mock' battle to save face.
hence, the swift victory with nary a casualty on both sides.
this is not to undermine the admirals naval prowess, am just stating the conclusion of a much debated subject.
HE REALLY WAS AT THE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME!!!

Unknown said...

I agree, marrying a catholic woman and accurately predicting future wars makes one totally unfit for the presidency.

The Friends of the Cruiser Olympia said...

Thank you, Nate, for your fine post about Admiral Dewey. His wife dedicated her life to saving the OLYMPIA after his passing. We're working hard to save the ship today. With 62 breaches at her wind and water line as well as rotting and rusting issues, and a museum unable to continue her care, the OLYMPIA is in danger of sinking. We appreciate all of your efforts to promote her history.

dirlinigritton said...

good HD movie theater download facilitates children considerably more for the children official latest app if you will be a video buff and you appreciate observing CinemaBox Download App great.

Anonymous said...

good to you to send out personal harmful Pictures, video tutorial and communication likewise! http://isnapchatemojis.com like Android,iOS and etc. There will be a great nice.

Unknown said...

Great It's possible for you to hunt type video content that is shrewd can be download mobdro for pc it's a big database related to all amusement items around the world. nice.

Anonymous said...

good of the app or the gadgets. Only submits shared SHAREit Download which all the several functions could be made use of nice.

Anonymous said...

good internet address, and then utilizing it like a USB stick or Exodus for Kodi intend to enable Scrobble, most likely to the General tab and nice.

Lusra said...

Good seriously introduce this article to provide high quality content to recorder all videos on iphones Peggo iOS.

payal said...


provide high quality content to recorder all videos on iphones Peggo iOS.

exam said...

epass

CBSE RESULT said...

cinemabox for android

CBSE RESULT said...

android photo collage maker

exam said...

jio 4g 1000 rs phone

Data Sorter said...

TOO GOOD I LIKE this stuff. snapchat emojis meanings
snapchat emojis meanings
https://bit.ly/2Da7iwn
https://goo.gl/7ozkur
https://schoolofeverything.com/teacher/jonetrop
http://www.innerdesign.com/user/jone.snapchat
http://59400.com/bbs/home.php?mod=space&uid=1217359
https://www.kiwibox.com/joliarobet/blog/
https://alternativeto.net/user/leta1snapchat/

Cleaning Company Dubai UAE said...

Supported through the constant development that identifies all facets of Acleanco high quality, our janitorial providers put customers first along with advances such as the Acleanco Eco-friendly Clean plan. Acleanco has got the staffing, expertise as well as understanding necessary to meet all of your janitorial cleansing service requirements in challenging high visitors environments. You could have confidence which day within and day trip, Acleanco’s janitorial cleansing service guidelines will please your visitors while making your company shine. maid services in dubai

Cleaning Company Dubai UAE said...

In search of Cleaning Products and services Dubai Silicon Oasis? Clean-up Service Dubai Silicon Oasis, Clean-up Service Dubai Silicon. Very best Cleaning Services in Dubai Silicon Oasis. Premium Clean-up Service with Dubai Silicon Oasis for House cleaning & House maid Services. A+ Performing Cleaners – Ebook Now! monthly maid service dubai

VanesaBell said...

Very nice post, i certainly love this website, keep on it

Information
Click Here

RalphSelton said...

Aw, this was a really nice post. In idea I would like to put in writing like this additionally – taking time and actual effort to make a very good article… but what can I say… I procrastinate alot and by no means seem to get something done.###

Visit Web
Org.mv
Information

Jery Fox said...

Spot on with this write-up, I truly think this website needs much more consideration. I’ll probably be again to read much more, thanks for that info.

Pilipinoy.com
Information